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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and the relational affordances they had access to were important. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their relationships with their local professors as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has a few drawbacks. For example the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody in various cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study many issues, such as manner of speaking, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners in their speech. A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data. DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test developers. They aren't always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to defy native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives and their relationship affordances. 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared to their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two coders from different companies. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior. Interviews with Refusal A key question of pragmatic research is why some learners decide to rescind the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a range of experimental tools, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to create patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors facilitated an easier performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they could be subject to when their social norms were violated. They were worried that their native friends may view them as “foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in various cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that employs participant-centered, in-depth investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method utilizes numerous sources of information including documents, interviews, and observations, to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial for research and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the topic and to place the case study in a broader theoretical context. This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding and knowledge of the world. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their interlocutors and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with the burden of a job despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.